按类别和子组划分的年中位成本

数据集获取（Figshare）

• 源站标题：<p>Median annual costs by category and subgroup.</p>
• DOI：10.1371/journal.pone.0343090.t005
• 发布日期：2026-02-27
• 文件数：1 个
• 文件总体积：9.73 KB
• 源站页面：https://plos.figshare.com/articles/dataset/_p_Median_annual_costs_by_category_and_subgroup_p_/31432613

命令行下载

curl -L -o "Table 5.xls" "https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/62243849"

文件清单

• Table 5.xls（9.73 KB）

文件总体积 9.73 KB（源站 API 实测）。

数据加载示例（图像类）

from PIL import Image
import glob, os

files = (glob.glob(os.path.join(path, "**", "*.png"), recursive=True)
       + glob.glob(os.path.join(path, "**", "*.jpg"), recursive=True)
       + glob.glob(os.path.join(path, "**", "*.tif"), recursive=True))
print("图像文件数:", len(files))
img = Image.open(files[0]); print("尺寸/模式:", img.size, img.mode)

# torchvision Dataset 方式:
# from torchvision import datasets
# ds = datasets.ImageFolder(path)  # 要求 子目录=类别

目录组织与标注格式以源站说明和下载后实际文件为准。

数据说明

Background
The rising prevalence of diabetes is increasing the healthcare costs especially when associated with infection. We aimed to assess the antibiotic consumption and medication costs in diabetes.
Methods
We performed a retrospective claims-based study using Iranian Health Insurance Organization (IHIO) dataset from 24 provinces during 2014–2017. Systemic antibacterials were quantified in defined daily doses and diabetic patients were stratified into “No antibiotic” (NAb) and quartiles of cumulative antibiotic exposure (Q1–Q4). A dominant antidiabetic regimen was assigned when ≥80% of a patient’s diabetes prescriptions came from one drug class or combination. Inflation-adjusted annual medication costs were modelled with log-link Gamma generalized linear models.
Results
The study comprised 1,704,182 individuals (62.0% women). Biguanides alone were most common dominant diabetes regimen (40%), whereas penicillin accounted for 35.8% of all antibiotic dispensing. Mean annual medication costs were 93 USD for women and 138 USD for men; however, after adjustment men incurred slightly lower costs than women. Compared with the NAb group, costs rose progressively with antibiotic exposure, reaching an adjusted mean ratio (MR) 3.17 (95%CI 3.09–3.25) in Q4. Relative to biguanide monotherapy, costs were markedly higher for regimens biguanides + insulins (MR 5.75, 5.54–5.97) or insulins alone (MR 5.53, 5.38–5.68).
Conclusion
Quantifying the joint impact of antidiabetic regimens and antibiotic use on treatment costs highlights key factors driving healthcare expenditures. These findings can inform targeted antibiotic stewardship strategies and guide reimbursement policy to optimize resource allocation and reduce the financial burden on both patients and insurers.

许可

CC BY 4.0

引用

学术使用请引用 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0343090.t005（source: https://plos.figshare.com/articles/dataset/_p_Median_annual_costs_by_category_and_subgroup_p_/31432613）。